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of·fend
( -f nd )
KEY
VERB: of·fend·ed , of·fend·ing , of·fends VERB: tr.
intr.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English offenden, from Old French offendre, from Latin offendere; see gwhen- in Indo-European roots SYNONYMS: offend , insult , affront , outrage These verbs mean to cause resentment, humiliation, or hurt. To offend is to cause displeasure, wounded feelings, or repugnance in another: "He often offended men who might have been useful friends" (John Lothrop Motley). Insult implies gross insensitivity, insolence, or contemptuous rudeness: "I . . . refused to stay any longer in the room with him, because he had insulted me" (Anthony Trollope). To affront is to insult openly, usually intentionally: "He continued to belabor the poor woman in a studied effort to affront his hated chieftain" (Edgar Rice Burroughs). Outrage implies the flagrant violation of a person's integrity, pride, or sense of right and decency: "Agnes . . . was outraged by what seemed to her Rose's callousness" (Mrs. Humphry Ward).
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