1910—94, English chemist and X-ray crystallographer, b. Egypt. She received the 1964 Nobel Prize in chemistry for determining the structure of biochemical compounds (particularly of vitamin B12) used to control pernicious anemia. In 1933 she and J. D. Bernal made the first X-ray photograph of a protein (pepsin). She was president (1977—78) of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
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