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an artistic event of a theatrical nature, but usually improvised spontaneously without the framework of a plot. The term originated with the creation and performance in 1959 of Allan Kaprow's
"18 Happenings in 6 Parts."
This work emphasized various sorts of performances and experiences, including slide projection, dance, and taste and odor sensations. Many examples of the genre required audience participation, and the aesthetic effect produced was a result of the combination of events experienced. Celebrated happenings include Claes Oldenburg's
"Store"
(1961),
"Autobodies"
(1963), and
"Washes"
(1965); Robert Rauschenberg's
"Map Room II"
(1965); Robert Whitman's
"The American Moon"
(1960); and Kaprow's own
"Calling"
(1965).See RoseLee Goldberg, Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present (1988) and R. E. Haywood, Revolution of the Ordinary: Allen Kaprow and the Invention of Happenings (1993).
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