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Pronunciation Key
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sofa (sō´f), item (ī´tm), easily (ē´zlē), cannon (kăn´n), circus (sûr´ks)
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| ă
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act (ăkt), bat (băt)
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| ā
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ape (āp), fail (fāl), day (dā)
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| â
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air (âr), care (kâr)
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| ä
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art (ärt), father (fä´ŧħr)
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| b
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back (băk), labor (lā´br), cab (kăb)
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| ch
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chin (chĭn), hatchet (hăch´t), rich (rĭch)
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| d
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dock (dŏk), lady (lā´dē), sad (săd)
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| ĕ
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end (ĕnd), steady (stĕd´ē), met (mĕt)
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| ē
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eve (ēv), clear (klēr), see (sē)
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| f
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fat (făt), phase (fāz), cough (kôf)
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| g
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get (gĕt), bigger (bĭg´r), tag (tăg)
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| h
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hand (hănd), ahead (hĕd´)
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| hw
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wheel (hwēl), which (hwĭch)
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| ĭ
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it (ĭt), pill (pĭl), mirror (mĭr´r)
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| ī
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iron (ī´rn), eye (ī), buyer (bī´r)
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| j
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jam (jăm), ginger (jĭn´jr), edge (ĕj)
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| k
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kit (kĭt), tackle (tăk´l), cook (k k)
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| l
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little (lĭt´l), holly (hŏl´ē), pull (pl)
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| m
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man (măn), hammer (hăm´r), climb (klīm)
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| n
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new (n), known (nōn), winner (wĭn´r)
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| ng
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singing (sĭng´ĭng), finger (fĭng´gr), sang (săng), sank (săngk)
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| ŏ
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hot (hŏt), body (bŏd´ē)
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| ō
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over (ō´vr), hope (hōp), grow (grō)
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| ô
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orbit (ôr´bĭt), fall (fôl), saw (sô)
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foot (ft), wolf (wlf), put (pt), pure (pyr)
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boot (bt), lose (lz), drew (dr), true (tr)
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| oi
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oil (oil), royal (roi´l), boy (boi)
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| ou
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out (out), crowd (kroud), how (hou)
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| p
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pipe (pīp), happy (hăp´ē)
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| r
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road (rōd), appeared (pērd´), carpenter (kär´pntr)
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| s
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so (sō), cite (sīt), baste (bāst)
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| sh
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shall (shăl), sure (shr), nation (nā´shn)
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| t
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tight (tīt), better (bĕt´r), talked (tôkt)
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| th
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thin (thĭn), bath (băth)
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| ŧħ
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then (ŧħĕn), father (fä´ŧħr), bathe (bāŧħ)
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| ŭ
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but (bŭt), flood (flŭd), some (sŭm)
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| û
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curl (kûrl), girl (gûrl), fern (fûrn), worm (wûrm)
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| v
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vest (vĕst), trivial (trĭv´ēl), eve (ēv)
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| w
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wax (wăks), twins (twĭnz)
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| y
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you (y), onion (ŭn´yn)
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| z
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zipper (zĭp´r), ease (ēz), treads (trĕdz)
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| zh
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pleasure (plĕzh´r), rouge (rzh)
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| | | FOREIGN SOUNDS |
| ö
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as in French peu (pö), German Goethe (gö´t)
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| ü
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as in French Cluny (klünē´)
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| kh
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as in German ach (äkh), ich (ĭkh); Scottish loch (lŏkh)
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| N
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this symbol indicates that the preceding vowel is nasal as in French cinq (săNk), un (öN), sans (säN), tombe (tôNb), en (äN); Portuguese São João (souN zhwouN)
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| | | ACCENTS AND HYPHENS |
| ´
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primary accent, written after accented vowel or syllable: Nebraska (nbrăs´k), James Buchanan (bykă´nn)
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| ´´
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secondary accent: Mississippi (mĭs´´sĭp´ē)
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dash, replacing obvious portion of pronunciation: hegemony (hĭjĕm´nē, hē, hēj´mō´´nē, hĕg´)
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| -
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hyphen, to prevent ambiguity in syllabification: Erlanger (ûr´lăng-r), dishearten (dĭs-här´tn)
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