Belgium Economy:
This modern private enterprise economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the populous Flemish area in the north. With few natural resources, Belgium must import substantial quantities of raw materials and export a large volume of manufactures, making its economy unusually dependent on the state of world markets. Roughly three-quarters of its trade is with other EU countries. Public debt is nearly 100% of GDP. On the positive side, the government has succeeded in balancing its budget, and income distribution is relatively equal. Belgium began circulating the euro currency in January 2002. Economic growth in 2001-03 dropped sharply because of the global economic slowdown, with moderate recovery in 2004.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$316.2 billion (2004 est.)
GDP — real growth rate:
2.6% (2004 est.)
GDP — per capita:
purchasing power parity: $30,600 (2004 est.)
GDP — composition by sector:
agriculture: 1.3%
industry: 25.7%
services: 73%
(2004)
Labor force:
4.75 million (2004 est.)
Labor force — by occupation:
agriculture: 1.3%, industry: 24.5%, services: 74.2% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:
12% (first half, 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line:
4% (1989 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 23% (1996)
Distribution of family income — Gini index:
28.7 (1996 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.9% (2004 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
19.1% of GDP (2004 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $173.7 billion (2004 est.)
expenditures: $174.8 billion including capital expenditures of $1.56 billion (2004 est.)
Public debt:
96.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Agriculture — products:
Sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk
Industries:
engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum
Industrial production growth rate:
3.5% (2004 est.)
Electricity — production:
76.58 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — consumption:
78.82 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — exports:
9.1 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — imports:
16.7 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Oil — production:
0 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil — consumption:
595,100 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil — exports:
450,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil — imports:
1.04 million bbl/day (2001 est.)
Natural gas — production:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — consumption:
15.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — exports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — imports:
15.4 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Current account balance:
$11.4 billion (2004 est.)
Exports:
$255.7 billion (f.o.b. 2003 est.)
Exports — commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs
Exports — partners:
Germany 19.9%, France 17.2%, Netherlands 11.8%, UK 8.6%, US 6.5%, Italy 5.2% (2004)
Imports:
$235 billion (f.o.b. 2003 est.)
Imports — commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products
Imports — partners:
Germany 18.4%, Netherlands 17%, France 12.5%, UK 6.8%, Ireland 6.3%, US 5.5% (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$14.45 billion (2003 est.)
Debt — external:
$28.3 billion (1999 est.)
Economic aid — donor:
$1.07 billion ODA (2002 est.)
Currency:
euro (EUR)
note: On 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Exchange rates:
euros per US$: 0.81 (2004 est.), 0.89 (2003 est.), 1.06 (2002 est.), 1.12 (2001 est.), 1.09 (2000 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
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