Chile Economy:
Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. During the early 1990s, Chile's reputation as a role model for economic reform was strengthened when the democratic government of Patricio AYLWIN - which took over from the military in 1990 - deepened the economic reform initiated by the military government. Growth in real GDP averaged 8% during 1991-97, but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies implemented to keep the current account deficit in check and because of lower export earnings - the latter a product of the global financial crisis. A severe drought exacerbated the recession in 1999, reducing crop yields and causing hydroelectric shortfalls and electricity rationing, and Chile experienced negative economic growth for the first time in more than 15 years. Despite the effects of the recession, Chile maintained its reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. By the end of 1999, exports and economic activity had begun to recover, and growth rebounded to 4.2% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.1% in 2001 and 2.1% in 2002, largely due to lackluster global growth and the devaluation of the Argentine peso. Chile's economy began a slow recovery in 2003, growing 3.2% and accelerated to 5.8% in 2004. GDP growth benefited from high copper prices, solid export earnings (particularly forestry, fishing, and mining), and stepped-up foreign direct investment. Unemployment, however, remains stubbornly high. Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, which took effect on 1 January 2004.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$169.1 billion (2004 est.)
GDP — real growth rate:
5.8% (2004 est.)
GDP — per capita:
purchasing power parity: $10,700 (2004 est.)
GDP — composition by sector:
agriculture: 6.3%
industry: 38.2%
services: 55.5%
(2004)
Labor force:
6.2 million (2004 est.)
Labor force — by occupation:
agriculture: 13.6%, industry: 23.4%, services: 63% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:
8.5% (2004 est.)
Population below poverty line:
20.6% (2000 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 47% (2000)
Distribution of family income — Gini index:
57.1 (2000 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.4% (2004 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
23.9% of GDP (2004 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $21.53 billion (2004 est.)
expenditures: $19.95 billion including capital expenditures of $3.33 billion (2004 est.)
Public debt:
12.8% of GDP (2004 est.)
Agriculture — products:
Grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans, beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber
Industries:
copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
Industrial production growth rate:
7.8% (2004 est.)
Electricity — production:
48.6 billion kWh (2004 est.)
Electricity — consumption:
41.8 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — exports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — imports:
1.81 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Oil — production:
18,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — consumption:
240,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — exports:
0 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — imports:
221,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — proved reserves:
150 million bbl (1 January 2004 est.)
Natural gas — production:
1.18 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Natural gas — consumption:
6.52 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Natural gas — exports:
0 cu m (2002 est.)
natural gas — imports:
5.34 billion cu m (2002 est.)
Natural gas — proved reserves:
99.05 billion cu m (1 January 2004 est.)
Current account balance:
$2.19 billion (2004 est.)
Exports:
$29.2 billion (f.o.b. 2004 est.)
Exports — commodities:
copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine
Exports — partners:
US 14%, Japan 11.4%, China 9.9%, South Korea 5.5%, Netherlands 5.1%, Brazil 4.3%, Italy 4.1%, Mexico 4% (2004)
Imports:
$22.53 billion (f.o.b. 2004 est.)
Imports — commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas
Imports — partners:
Argentina 17%, US 14%, Brazil 11.2%, China 7.4% (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$16.02 billion (2004 est.)
Debt — external:
$44.6 billion (2004 est.)
Economic aid — recipient:
ODA: $0 (2002 est.)
Currency:
Chilean peso (CLP)
Exchange rates:
Chilean pesos per US$: 609.37 (2004 est.), 691.43 (2003 est.), 688.94 (2002 est.), 634.94 (2001 est.), 539.59 (2000 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
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