Indonesia Economy:
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, has restored financial stability and pursued sober fiscal policies since the Asian financial crisis, but many economic development problems remain, including high unemployment, a fragile banking sector, endemic corruption, inadequate infrastructure, a poor investment climate, and unequal resource distribution among regions. Indonesia became a net oil importer in 2004 due to declining production and lack of new exploration investment. As a result, Jakarta is not reaping the benefits of high world oil prices, and the cost of subsidizing domestic fuel prices has placed an increasing strain on the budget. Keys to future growth remain internal reform, building up the confidence of international and domestic investors, and strong global economic growth. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took nearly 127,000 lives, left more than 93,000 missing and nearly 441,000 displaced, and destroyed $4.5 to $5.0 billion worth of property.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$827.4 billion (2004 est.)
GDP — real growth rate:
4.9% (2004 est.)
GDP — per capita:
purchasing power parity: $3,500 (2004 est.)
GDP — composition by sector:
agriculture: 14.6%
industry: 45%
services: 40.4%
(2004)
Labor force:
111.5 million (2004 est.)
Labor force — by occupation:
agriculture: 45%, industry: 16%, services: 39% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
9.2% (2004 est.)
Population below poverty line:
27% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 26.7% (1999)
Distribution of family income — Gini index:
37 (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
6.1% (2004 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
16.6% of GDP (2004 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $52.13 billion (2004 est.)
expenditures: $55.88 billion including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Public debt:
56.2% of GDP (2004 est.)
Agriculture — products:
Rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Industries:
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
10.5% (2004 est.)
Electricity — production:
110.2 billion kWh (2003 est.)
Electricity — consumption:
92.35 billion kWh (2003 est.)
Electricity — exports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — imports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)
Oil — production:
971,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — consumption:
1.18 million bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — exports:
518,100 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — imports:
370,500 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil — proved reserves:
4.9 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Natural gas — production:
77.6 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas — consumption:
55.3 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas — exports:
39.7 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas — imports:
0 cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas — proved reserves:
2.55 trillion cu m (2004 est.)
Current account balance:
$7.34 billion (2004 est.)
Exports:
$69.86 billion (f.o.b. 2004 est.)
Exports — commodities:
oil, gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Exports — partners:
Japan 22.3%, US 12.3%, Singapore 8.4%, South Korea 6.8%, China 6.4%, Malaysia 4.2% (2004)
Imports:
$45.07 billion (f.o.b. 2004 est.)
Imports — commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports — partners:
Japan 13.1%, South Korea 4.2%, Singapore 13.1%, China 8.8%, US 7%, Thailand 6%, Australia 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.2% (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$35.82 billion (2004 est.)
Debt — external:
$141.5 billion (2004 est.)
Economic aid — recipient:
$43 billion
note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 and again in 2005; nearly $4 billion in aid money pledged by a variety of foreign governments and other groups following the 2004 tsunami; money is slated for use in relief and rebuilding efforts in Aceh.
Currency:
Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Exchange rates:
Indonesian rupiahs per US$: 8,938.9 (2004 est.), 8,577.1 (2003 est.), 9,311.2 (2002 est.), 10,260.8 (2001 est.), 8,421.8 (2000 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
note: Previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year
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