New Zealand Economy – Yahoo! Education

New Zealand Economy:

Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has risen for six consecutive years and is now more than $23,000 in purchasing power parity terms. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth. Exports are equal to about 20% of GDP. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and the Labor Government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$92.51 billion (2004 est.)

GDP — real growth rate:
4.8% (2004 est.)

GDP — per capita:
purchasing power parity: $23,200 (2004 est.)

GDP — composition by sector:
agriculture: 4.6%
industry: 27.4%
services: 68%
(2004)

Labor force:
2.05 million (2004 est.)

Labor force — by occupation:
services: 65%, industry: 25%, agriculture: 10% (1995 est.)

Unemployment rate:
4.2% (2004 est.)

Population below poverty line:
NA

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 0.3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1991)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.4% (2004 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):
22.4% of GDP (2004 est.)

Budget:
revenues: $38.29 billion (2004 est.)
expenditures: $36.12 billion including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)

Public debt:
22.1% of GDP (2004 est.)

Agriculture — products:
Wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, lamb and mutton, dairy products; fish

Industries:
food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining

Industrial production growth rate:
5.9% (2004 est.)

Electricity — production:
38.39 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Electricity — consumption:
35.71 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Electricity — exports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)

Electricity — imports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)

Oil — production:
42,160 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil — consumption:
132,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil — exports:
30,220 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil — imports:
119,700 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil — proved reserves:
89.62 million bbl (1 January 2002 est.)

Natural gas — production:
6.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas — consumption:
6.5 billion cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas — exports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)

natural gas — imports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas — proved reserves:
58.94 billion cu m (1 January 2002 est.)

Current account balance:
$-3.65 billion (2004 est.)

Exports:
$19.85 billion (2004 est.)

Exports — commodities:
dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery

Exports — partners:
Australia 21%, US 14.4%, Japan 11.3%, UK 4.7%, , China 5.4% (2004)

Imports:
$19.77 billion (2004 est.)

Imports — commodities:
machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics

Imports — partners:
Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, , China 9.7%, Germany 5.2% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$4.81 billion (2004 est.)

Debt — external:
$47.34 billion (2004 est.)

Economic aid — donor:
$99.7 million ODA

Currency:
New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Exchange rates:
New Zealand dollars per US$: 1.51 (2004 est.), 1.72 (2003 est.), 2.16 (2002 est.), 2.38 (2001 est.), 2.2 (2000 est.)

Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June

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New Zealand Economy: