Syria Economy:
Real GDP growth rose to 2.3 percent in 2004, a slight increase from 2003 when the predominantly statist economy suffered from disruptions caused by the war in Iraq and other developments in the region. Annual real GDP growth has averaged 2.3 percent for the last seven years. The Government of Syria has implemented modest economic reforms in the last few years, including cutting interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating some of the multiple exchange rates, and raising prices on some subsidized foodstuffs. Nevertheless, the economy remains highly controlled by the government. Long run economic constraints include declining oil production and exports and pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$60.44 billion (2004 est.)
GDP — real growth rate:
2.3% (2004 est.)
GDP — per capita:
purchasing power parity: $3,400 (2004 est.)
GDP — composition by sector:
agriculture: 25%
industry: 31%
services: 44%
(2003)
Labor force:
5.12 million (2004 est.)
Labor force — by occupation:
agriculture: 30%, industry: 27%, services: 43% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate:
20% (2002 est.)
Population below poverty line:
20% (2004 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.1% (2004 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
16.3% of GDP (2004 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $6.58 billion (2004 est.)
expenditures: $9.45 billion including capital expenditures of $4.67 (2004 est.)
Public debt:
32% of GDP (2004 est.)
Agriculture — products:
Wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk
Industries:
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining
Industrial production growth rate:
7% (2002 est.)
Electricity — production:
26.15 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — consumption:
24.32 billion kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — exports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)
Electricity — imports:
0 kWh (2002 est.)
Oil — production:
525,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil — consumption:
240,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil — exports:
285,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil — imports:
NA
Oil — proved reserves:
2.5 billion bbl (2004 est.)
Natural gas — production:
5.84 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — consumption:
5.84 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — exports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — imports:
0 cu m (2001 est.)
Natural gas — proved reserves:
240.7 billion cu m (2004 est.)
Current account balance:
$1.1 billion (2003 est.)
Exports:
$6.09 billion (f.o.b. 2004 est.)
Exports — commodities:
crude oil, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat
Exports — partners:
Italy 22.7%, France 18%, Turkey 12.9%, Iraq 9%, Saudi Arabia 6.2% (2004)
Imports:
$5.04 billion (f.o.b. 2004 est.)
Imports — commodities:
machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper
Imports — partners:
Turkey 9.4%, Ukraine 8.7%, China 7.8%, Russia 5.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.2%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, Italy 4.3% (2004)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$5 billion (2004 est.)
Debt — external:
$4 billion (excludes military debt and debt to Russia) (2004 est.)
Economic aid — recipient:
$180 million (2002 est.)
Currency:
Syrian pound (SYP)
Exchange rates:
Syrian pounds per US$: 11.23 (official rate) (2004 est.), 11.23 (official rate) (2003 est.), 11.23 (official rate) (2002 est.), 11.23 (official rate) (2001 est.), 11.23 (official rate) (2000 est.), NA (parallel market rate in Amman and Beirut) (2004 est.), 52.8 (official rate) (2003 est.), 52.4 (official rate) (2002 est.), 50.4 (official rate) (2001 est.), 49.4 (official rate) (2000 est.)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
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