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World Factbook: Tonga Geography


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Tonga



Tonga Geography:

Location:
Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand

Geographic coordinates:
20 00 S, 175 00 W

Map references:


Area:
total: 748 sq km
land: 718 sq km
water: 30 sq km

Area - comparative:
Four times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
total: 0 km
border countries: NA

Coastline:
419 km

Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

Climate:
Tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)

Terrain:
Most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m

Natural resources:
Fish, fertile soil

Land use:
arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06%
other: 33.33%
(2001)

Irrigated land:
NA

Natural hazards:
Cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou

Environment - current issues:
Deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements (not ratified)

Geography - Note:
Archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)


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Washington D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 2005
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